Incorporating your business in Maine turns it into an independent entity that can sign contracts, open a bank account, and exist after you. The decisions you make during this process can reshape the way your business operates, so it’s important to get it right.

Below, we’ll explain how to incorporate in Maine, including the benefits, costs, and legal requirements.

What’s in this article?

• What does it mean to incorporate a business in Maine?
  
• What’s the difference between an S corporation and a C corporation?
  
• What are the advantages of forming a corporation in Maine?
  
• What are the steps to incorporate your business in Maine?
  
• How much does it cost to incorporate in Maine?
  
• What are the legal requirements to incorporate in Maine?
  
• How Stripe Atlas can help
  

What does it mean to incorporate a business in Maine?

When you incorporate your business in Maine, you create a separate legal entity that can own property, sign contracts, and be sued or taxed in its own name. This limits owners’ personal liability, creates a formal structure, and allows the business to outlast its founders.

Corporations typically start as C corporations (C corps) for tax purposes, but Maine follows the federal S corporation (S corp) election, which typically removes entity-level corporate income tax in Maine.

What’s the difference between an S corporation and a C corporation?

Under Maine law, the default C corp and an elected S corp are formed the same way and follow the same corporate formalities. They differ in tax treatment and ownership rules:

• C corp: A C corp pays Maine corporate income tax at graduated rates of 3.50%–8.93%. Shareholders pay personal tax on any dividends. This flexible ownership structure enables unlimited shareholders, multiple classes of stock, and institutional and foreign investors. It’s useful for businesses that plan to raise capital or scale through equity.

• S corp: If you file with the IRS to elect S corp status, there will typically be no state corporate income tax at the entity level. An S corp passes on profits and losses to shareholders’ personal returns and can have a maximum of 100 shareholders and 1 class of stock. All shareholders must be US residents (or certain kinds of trusts). In Maine, S corps might still have filing and withholding duties for nonresident owners.

What are the advantages of forming a corporation in Maine?

In Maine, incorporating your business offers several advantages beyond the usual benefits of limited liability and continuity.

Here are the most notable ones:

• Single-sales-factor apportionment: Maine taxes corporations based solely on the sales factor when it determines income tax, not on property or payroll. If you do business outside Maine, this can mean a smaller tax base and lower exposure to state tax.

• Business Equipment Tax Exemption: Eligible equipment put in service in Maine is fully exempt from local property tax. This can lower the cost of capital-intensive investments and expansion.

• Manufacturing sales tax exemptions: Machinery, equipment, consumables, and repair parts used in manufacturing are exempt from sales tax. Many manufacturers also receive a 95% exemption on fuel and electricity used in production.

• Seed Capital Tax Credit Program: Through the Finance Authority of Maine, investors can obtain tax credits equal to 40% of their investments in qualified Maine businesses. This can stimulate earlier-stage fundraising and make your corporation more attractive to angel or venture capital investors.

• Dirigo Business Incentives program: Maine’s Dirigo program offers multiyear tax credits to businesses that make qualifying capital investments or provide approved employee training in targeted sectors. This state-backed lever reduces the tax burdens of growing corporations.

Each of these incentives helps corporations in Maine operate with lower tax exposure, lower capital expenses, and stronger access to growth capital.

What are the steps to incorporate your business in Maine?

Maine’s system is designed to make it easier for founders to form a legal entity that’s recognized nationwide. Completing these steps in order helps you avoid delays, rejected filings, or gaps in your corporate record that could cause problems later.

Here’s how to incorporate in Maine:

• Check and reserve your name: Pick a unique name that’s distinguishable from existing entities. Use the Corporate Name Search to check availability. If you need more time, you can reserve the name with Form MBCA-1.

• Appoint your Maine clerk: List a clerk (the state’s term for a registered agent) with a physical street address in Maine (no PO Boxes). The clerk can be a commercial provider or an individual resident. The role requires consent and weekday availability to receive legal documents.

• Prepare articles of incorporation: Maine’s articles of incorporation (Form MBCA-6) require your name, professional or benefit corporation status (if applicable), clerk details, share structure (single class or multiple classes), and management structure (board of directors or a shareholder-managed corporation). Optional provisions let you limit director liability and provide indemnification.

• File with the secretary of state and pay the fee: Processing times for articles of incorporation vary; the office posts current estimates and lets you check on the filing once it’s processed. If speed matters, you can pay another fee for 24-hour or immediate, same-day expedited service.

• Receive approval and record it: When the filing is accepted, your corporation will appear in a public database. Keep the stamped articles and state confirmation with your records.

• Finish setup and corporate governance: Hold an organizational meeting to adopt bylaws, elect or confirm directors and officers, authorize and issue shares, record minutes, and approve banking resolutions. Maine doesn’t ask you to file bylaws or minutes, but you must keep them.

• Register for taxes and payroll: Register with Maine Revenue Services for services such as employer withholding, unemployment, and sales or use tax.

• File your annual report: Annual reports are due by June 1 for corporations in Maine. File online to stay in good standing.

How much does it cost to incorporate in Maine?

Incorporation in Maine incurs some one-time fees at the beginning and fees for annual filings and optional services. The secretary of state keeps a public, up-to-date Forms and Fees list you can use to confirm numbers before you file.

Here’s what to expect:

• Articles of incorporation: You’ll pay $145, payable to the secretary of state when you file.

• Expedited service: If you need a faster turnaround for your articles, 24-hour processing costs $50, and same-day immediate service costs $100.

• Name reservation: If you need more time before you file your articles, you can reserve a name for 120 days for $20.

• Clerk (registered agent): The market rate for commercial clerks varies, but you can expect to pay at least $100 per year.

• Annual report: Filing with the secretary of state costs $85 for domestic corporations.

What are the legal requirements to incorporate in Maine?

After you found your corporation, you must meet ongoing legal requirements to keep your business transparent, well governed, and properly registered.

These are the legal obligations you must be aware of to stay compliant:

• Maintain a Maine clerk: Keep an active, consenting clerk with a physical address in Maine. Update the state promptly if your clerk or their address changes. Losing your clerk can jeopardize your good standing.

• Keep internal records in order: Adopt bylaws, maintain a stock ledger, record minutes for board and shareholder actions, and keep these with your corporate records.

• File annual reports and handle taxes: File the annual report by June 1. C corps pay corporate income tax on income earned in Maine. S corps typically don’t pay entity-level tax, but they might have nonresident owner withholding and informational obligations. Missing filings can lead to penalties and loss of good standing.

• Amend when facts change: If you change your name, share structure, or other core facts, file the appropriate amendment form, and pay the filing fee.

Stripe Atlas 如何提供助力

Stripe Atlas 可为您的公司搭建法律架构，助力在两个工作日内从全球任何地点完成融资、开设银行账户及接受付款。

已有超 7.5 万家公司通过 Atlas 完成注册，其中包括获 Y Combinator、a16z 与 General Catalyst 等顶级投资机构支持的初创公司。

申请使用 Atlas 注册公司

通过 Atlas 申请注册公司仅需不到 10 分钟。您可自主选择公司架构，即时核验公司名称是否可用，并可添加最多四位联合创始人。您还需确定股权分配方案，预留一定比例的股权供未来投资者与员工认购，指定公司管理人员，并通过电子签名完成所有文件签署。所有联合创始人也将收到邮件邀请，通过电子签名签署其对应文件。

在获取雇主识别号 (EIN) 前开通收款和银行服务

公司注册完成后，Atlas 将为您申请雇主识别号 (EIN)。持有美国社会保障号、美国地址及手机号码的创始人可享受美国国税局 (IRS) 加急处理服务，其他情况将适用标准处理流程（耗时可能稍长）。此外，Atlas 支持在 EIN 获批前开通收款与银行账户功能，助您在 EIN 获批前即可接受付款和开展交易。

无现金创始人股权认购

创始人可使用知识产权（如版权或专利）而非现金认购初始股份，相关认购凭证将存储在 Atlas 管理平台中。使用该功能需满足知识产权估值不超过 100 美元的条件；若您持有的知识产权价值高于此限额，请在操作前咨询专业律师。

自动提交 83 (b) 税务申报

创始人可通过提交 83 (b) 税务申报降低个人所得税负。无论您是美国籍或非美国籍创始人，Atlas 均可代为完成申报流程——采用 USPS 认证邮件寄送并附带物流追踪服务。您可直接在 Stripe 管理平台获取已签收的 83 (b) 申报表及官方寄送凭证。

全球顶尖水准的公司法律文件

Atlas 为您提供创办公司所需的全部法律文件。Atlas 的 C 类公司文件由全球顶尖风险资本律所美国科律律师事务所 Cooley 联合设计，旨在助您立即启动融资，并确保公司获得全方位法律保护，涵盖股权架构、权益分配及税务合规等核心领域。

Stripe Payments 服务首年免费，更享价值 5 万美元的合作伙伴专属优惠与折扣

Atlas 与顶级合作伙伴深度联动，为创始人提供独家优惠与资源支持，涵盖 AWS、Carta、Perplexity 等行业领军企业的工程开发、税务合规、财务管理及运营必备工具折扣，更免费赠送首年特拉华州法定注册代理服务。作为 Atlas 用户，您还将解锁 Stripe 专属权益——最高 10 万美元交易额的全年免费支付处理服务。

了解关于 Atlas 如何助您快速轻松地创立新企业的更多信息，或立即开始使用。