Centralised payment processing is a type of collections architecture in which all of a business's payment terminals are connected to a central server to process transactions and settlements. The method is the opposite of decentralised payment processing, in which each terminal operates locally and makes daily settlements to the financial institution. The choice of architecture is important because it affects how businesses handle payments.

Current payment trends are making the choice more important as bank cards have become the most popular payment method in France. In 2024, card payments exceeded cash payments at physical points of sale for the first time, accounting for 48% of transactions (versus 43% for cash). Amid this trend, centralised payment processing has become key for businesses because they have more payment terminals, points of sale, and sales channels than ever.

In this article, we'll explain what centralised payment processing is, what it offers, and how it differs from decentralised payment processing.

Key takeaways

• Centralised payment processing is a type of collections architecture in which all of a business's payment terminals are connected to one central server that processes transactions and performs settlements. The server, not individual payment terminals, communicates with the bank.
  
• The method is the opposite of decentralised payment processing, in which each terminal operates locally and makes daily settlements to the bank. Centralised payment processing is easier for businesses with multiple locations or payment systems to set up but is more complex overall.
  
• Centralised payment processing is aimed primarily at businesses with large transaction volumes or multiple points of sale, such as chain stores, franchises, omnichannel businesses, and marketplaces and platforms that accept payments on behalf of others.
  
• Centralised payment processing offers several operational advantages, including real-time transaction summaries, simpler bank reconciliation, no manual daily settlements, and easier transaction tracking by point of sale.
  
• Centralised payment processing does have downsides, including costlier installation and maintenance compared with decentralised payment processing, the need for a permanent internet connection, longer setup times, and unclear benefits for small businesses with low transaction volumes.
  

What is centralised payment processing?

Centralised payment processing refers to a payment processing method in which all terminals in a network are connected to a central server. Rather than communicating directly with the bank or financial institution, each terminal sends its transactions to the server, which transmits them to the bank and centralises the records.

In general, payment processing includes all systems necessary for bank card payments (physical and digital). Electronic payment terminals (EPT) are the most visible devices, but they are only one link in the chain that connects the cardholder, the business, the business’s bank, and the payment networks (e.g., CB, Visa, Mastercard). The relationship between the business and payment provider is formalised in an electronic payment contract – an agreement that sets forth the terms and conditions for accepting card payments.

Payment terminals are centralised and permanently connected to a central server hosted by a payment service provider. The server receives communications from terminals and establishes a connection to the financial institution. This means all transactions (e.g., transactions with or without authorisation requests, settlements, cancellations, configurations, and updates) are processed by the server, not by individual payment terminals.

What’s the difference between centralised payment processing and decentralised payment processing?

With decentralised payment processing, each terminal stores its transactions locally and performs daily settlements to the bank. With centralised payment processing, terminals send their transactions to one server that is responsible for authorisations, settlements, and transaction reports.

Most businesses use decentralised terminals, which operate independently. Transactions are recorded and stored on the terminal, then transmitted to the bank during daily settlement. Individual devices are responsible for bank reconciliations, authorisation requests, and transaction reports. At the end of the day, the business collects the settlement reports for bookkeeping.

Decentralised payment processing is simpler to set up and offers greater flexibility – the right fit for smaller businesses. However, this method requires manual management and can become complicated if the business has multiple locations.

Who benefits from centralised payment processing?

Centralised payment processing is ideal for businesses that handle large transaction volumes across multiple payment terminals or points of sale. Chain stores, franchises, businesses with multiple locations, hotel groups, pharmacies, marketplaces, and online platforms might find it useful for managing payments.

These types of businesses and professionals benefit the most from centralised payment processing:

• Chain stores and large-scale retail
  Businesses with multiple registers or locations might find it more efficient to consolidate transactions on one server. Terminals in different cities send information to one location.
  
• Franchises and point-of-sale networks
  Centralisation lets managers monitor collections from each store while allowing stores the flexibility they need for daily operations.
  
• Hotel groups and restaurants with multiple locations
  Mobile terminals and the ability to generate transaction reports work well for these industries, in which payment points are numerous and frequently mobile.
  
• Pharmacies and high-volume businesses
  Automated settlements make it easier to manage high transaction volumes and the need for accurate accounting data.
  
• Online and omnichannel businesses
  A centralised multichannel solution groups transactions from physical points of sale, e-commerce sites, and mobile applications into one transaction report.
  
• Marketplaces and platforms
  Platforms that accept payments on behalf of third-party businesses must centralise incoming payments, calculate commissions, and distribute payments to sellers, all in compliance with strict regulations. The technical side of the business revolves around centralising transactions.
  

What are the benefits of centralised payment processing?

Centralised payment processing offers several advantages over decentralised payment processing, including one real-time report of all transactions, simpler bank reconciliation, and reduced administrative burden. The method eliminates the need for manual daily settlements, secures data outside terminals, and lets terminal management cards be modified remotely across all terminals.

Here are the primary benefits of centralised payment processing:

• Consolidated, real-time reports
  Transactions from all terminals and points of sale are sent to the server instantly. This lets businesses see their revenue from each site and device immediately, facilitating trend analyses and business management.
  
• Simpler bank reconciliation
  Because transactions are grouped on one server, data is consolidated automatically. Bank reconciliations are no longer performed terminal by terminal, reducing administrative burden and human error.
  
• Elimination of manual settlements
  With decentralised payment processing, each terminal performs settlements at the end of the day. With a centralised architecture, settlements are made at the server level, often in one settlement for all terminals. This eliminates the need for employees at each point of sale to handle or collect settlement reports.
  
• Enhanced tracking and financial monitoring
  Tracking transactions by point of sale is more accurate, improves internal monitoring, and helps detect discrepancies.
  
• Remote modification of terminal management cards
  The bank where collections are sent can be updated from the server, which propagates changes to select terminals without needing to physically update each device.
  
• Improved data security
  Sensitive personal data from online transactions is not stored on the terminal, minimising risk if a terminal is stolen or compromised.
  
• Omnichannel compatibility
  Transactions from all terminal types (e.g., fixed, mobile, nomadic) are grouped together and can include transactions from e-commerce sites, mobile applications, and marketplaces.
  

What are the disadvantages of centralised payment processing?

Centralised payment processing setup and recurring costs are greater than the cost of a decentralised system because of hosting, subscriptions, and maintenance fees. This solution requires a permanent internet connection as well as an installation check by the supplier and time for the supplier to set up.

Here are the primary disadvantages of centralised payment processing:

• Higher setup costs
  Installation, server hosting, and access to the dashboard and maintenance interface lead to higher costs than for decentralised payment processing. Additional subscriptions are required for operations and customer support.
  
• Internet connection
  Centralisation requires a permanent connection between the terminal and the server. During an outage, terminals operate in a limited mode that usually lets the business continue accepting payments without authorisation, up to a limit agreed to by the business.
  
• Setup time
  The supplier must configure environments for new businesses, an additional step compared with decentralised terminals.
  
• Stricter installation requirements
  Centralised payment processing systems require an installation check. Installation is more complex than for decentralised terminals, which can be plugged in and set up quickly.
  
• Limited benefits for small businesses
  For businesses with one or two terminals or limited transaction volume, expected returns don’t justify the complexity and cost of a centralised payment processing.
  

How Stripe Connect can help

Stripe Connect orchestrates money movement across multiple parties for software platforms and marketplaces. It offers quick onboarding, embedded components, global payouts and more.

Connect can help you:

• Launch in weeks: Use Stripe-hosted or embedded functionality to go live faster and avoid the up-front costs and development time usually required for payment facilitation.
  
• Manage payments at scale: Use tooling and services from Stripe so you don't have to dedicate extra resources to margin reporting, tax forms, risk, global payment methods or onboarding compliance.
  
• Grow globally: Help your users reach more customers worldwide with local payment methods and the ability to easily calculate sales tax, value-added tax (VAT) and goods and services tax (GST).
  
• Build new lines of revenue: Optimise payment revenue by collecting fees on each transaction. Monetise Stripe's capabilities by enabling in-person payments, instant payouts, sales tax collection, financing, expense cards and more on your platform.
  

Learn more about Stripe Connect or get started today.